Between the Legal Framework and Practice: Opportunities and Threats of Inclusive Education in Teacher Training in Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58041/aprender.283Keywords:
educação inclusiva, formação de professores, legislação educativa, desenho universal para a aprendizagemAbstract
Inclusive education has become a central axis of educational policies in Portugal, but its implementation continues to expose tensions between the legal framework, curricular guidelines, and the real conditions of implementation in schools. This article critically analyzes the opportunities and threats of the legal framework for inclusion in teacher training, based on Decrees-Laws 54/2018 and 55/2018, articulating them with the Profile of Students Leaving Compulsory Education, the National Strategy for Citizenship Education, the 2030 Agenda, and Sustainable Development Goal 4. The reflection integrates contributions from national and international literature on inclusive education, teacher training, Universal Design for Learning, professional collaboration, and curricular justice. Methodologically, it is a critical literature review inspired by principles of transparency and traceability similar to PRISMA, with a selection of legal documents, institutional reports, and academic studies on the subject. It is concluded that the Portuguese legal framework constitutes a robust basis for building a more equitable school, but its effectiveness depends on initial and ongoing teacher training, pedagogical leadership, and organizational and cultural conditions favorable to inclusion.
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